在英语学习过程中，现在完成时的被动语态是一个重要的语法知识点。它不仅用于描述过去发生的动作对现在的影响，还能表达动作的承受者。掌握这一结构，有助于提高语言表达的准确性和灵活性。
一、现在完成时被动语态的基本结构
现在完成时被动语态的构成是：
have/has + been + 过去分词
其中，“have”或“has”表示现在完成时，而“been”是“be”的过去分词形式，加上“过去分词”构成被动语态。
例如：
- The book has been written by a famous author.
（这本书已经被一位著名作家写好了。）
- The problem has been solved already.
（这个问题已经解决了。）
二、使用场景和常见用法
1. 强调结果而非动作本身
现在完成时被动语态常用于强调某个动作的结果，而不是动作发生的时间或执行者。
- The cake has been eaten.（蛋糕已经被吃掉了。）
—— 强调的是蛋糕已经被吃掉这个结果，而不是谁吃的。
2. 不知道或不重要是谁做的
当我们不知道或不需要知道动作的执行者时，常用被动语态。
- The house has been painted.（房子已经被粉刷了。）
—— 不需要说明是谁粉刷的。
3. 用于正式或书面语中
在科技、新闻、学术等正式场合中，被动语态更为常见。
- The experiment has been completed successfully.
（实验已成功完成。）
三、常见的错误与注意事项
1. 混淆主动与被动语态
初学者容易将主语和宾语的位置弄错。要记住：被动语态中，动作的承受者是主语。
❌ The teacher has been taught the students.
✅ The students have been taught by the teacher.
2. 忽略助动词“have/has”
没有正确使用“have”或“has”，会导致句子结构错误。
❌ The letter been sent yesterday.
✅ The letter has been sent yesterday.（注意：虽然“yesterday”是过去时间，但有时也可用于强调结果）
3. 过去分词的正确形式
需要根据动词的规则或不规则变化来选择正确的过去分词。
- go → gone
- write → written
- eat → eaten
四、现在完成时被动语态的例句分析
| 主动语态 | 被动语态 |
|----------|-----------|
| They have built the bridge. | The bridge has been built. |
| She has cleaned the room. | The room has been cleaned. |
| We have finished the project. | The project has been finished. |
五、练习题（附答案）
一、选择正确的形式填空
1. The report ______ (write) by the team already.
2. My phone ______ (break) last night.
3. The new policy ______ (introduce) in the meeting.
4. The cake ______ (eat) by my sister.
5. The movie ______ (show) three times this week.
二、改写句子为被动语态
1. They have published the book.
→ The book has been published.
2. The teacher explained the lesson.
→ The lesson has been explained.
3. We have repaired the car.
→ The car has been repaired.
4. They have opened the store.
→ The store has been opened.
5. He has written the essay.
→ The essay has been written.
六、总结
现在完成时被动语态是英语中一个非常实用的语法结构，适用于多种语境。通过理解其基本结构、使用场景以及常见错误，可以更准确地运用这一语法点。多加练习，才能真正掌握并灵活使用。
参考答案：
一、填空题答案：
1. has been written
2. has been broken
3. has been introduced
4. has been eaten
5. has been shown
二、改写句子答案（略）
