原文

虹常出现在雨后，其形如桥，色有七彩。古人以为虹是天上的桥梁，能连接天地。沈括在《梦溪笔谈》中对虹的现象进行了详细的观察和分析。他认为，虹并非真的存在于空中，而是阳光通过雨滴反射形成的光学现象。他指出，当太阳光照射到雨滴上时，光线发生折射和反射，从而形成七彩的弧形。

沈括还提到，虹的出现与天气条件密切相关，只有在特定的角度和条件下才能看到。此外，他还强调，虹的颜色顺序固定，从外到内依次为红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、靛、紫。

翻译

Rainbows often appear after the rain, shaped like bridges and colored with seven hues. Ancient people thought that rainbows were heavenly bridges connecting heaven and earth. Shen Kuo in "Dream Brook Essays" made detailed observations and analyses of the phenomenon of rainbows. He believed that rainbows do not actually exist in the sky but are optical phenomena formed by sunlight reflecting through raindrops. He pointed out that when sunlight hits raindrops, light undergoes refraction and reflection, thus forming the colorful arc.

Shen Kuo also mentioned that the appearance of rainbows is closely related to weather conditions, and they can only be seen under specific angles and conditions. Moreover, he emphasized that the order of rainbow colors is fixed, from outer to inner as red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet.

中考阅读训练

1. 根据原文，沈括认为虹是什么？

A. 天空中的桥梁

B. 阳光通过雨滴反射形成的光学现象

C. 神秘的自然现象

D. 无法解释的现象

2. 雨后出现彩虹需要哪些条件？

A. 阴天和湿润空气

B. 晴朗的天气和充足的阳光

C. 雨后特定的角度和条件

D. 夜晚的低温环境

3. 彩虹的颜色顺序是什么？

A. 红、橙、黄、绿、蓝、靛、紫

B. 紫、靛、蓝、绿、黄、橙、红

C. 黄、绿、蓝、靛、紫、红、橙

D. 红、橙、黄、绿、靛、蓝、紫

4. 沈括对虹的研究说明了什么科学道理？

A. 光的折射和反射原理

B. 地球的自转规律

C. 气候变化的影响

D. 动植物的适应性

答案

1. B

2. C

3. A

4. A

希望以上内容对你的学习有所帮助！